第一，超聲波振動頻率。超聲波清洗中，空化作用是重要的環(huán)節(jié)，聲波振動頻率對其有著很大的影響，應(yīng)當注重振動頻率的選擇區(qū)間，一般來說，超聲波清洗振動頻率控制在20～80kHz。空化閾值對于超聲波頻率有著一定影響，頻率與空化閾值呈正比。超聲波的頻率低，液體越容易發(fā)生空化，產(chǎn)生力度比較大，作業(yè)也比較強，通常在較難清洗的污垢中應(yīng)用。
First, ultrasonic vibration frequency. Cavitation is an important link in ultrasonic cleaning, and the vibration frequency of acoustic wave has a great influence on it. Attention should be paid to the selection range of vibration frequency. Generally speaking, the vibration frequency of ultrasonic cleaning should be controlled within 20~80kHz. The cavitation threshold has a certain influence on the ultrasonic frequency, and the frequency is proportional to the cavitation threshold. The lower the frequency of ultrasonic wave, the easier the liquid is to cavitate, the stronger the force is, and the stronger the operation is, so it is usually used in the dirt that is difficult to clean.
功率高則超聲波方向性強，波長相對較短，一般在表面光潔度高的部件清洗中使用，對深孔、縫隙等驚喜工件進行清洗。同時，頻率不能夠過高，使得波長不斷變短，反而弱化空化作用，使得清洗效率降低。如果在清洗槽中具有一定的駐波場，因為聲壓的不均衡分析，使得工件得不到有效的清洗。因此，清洗槽的形狀應(yīng)當適合混響場特點，借助雙頻、多頻等方式，避免出現(xiàn)清洗盲區(qū)。
If the power is high, the direction of ultrasonic wave is strong, and the wavelength is relatively short. Generally, it is used in the cleaning of parts with high surface finish to clean surprise workpieces such as deep holes and gaps. At the same time, the frequency cannot be too high, which makes the wavelength continuously shorter, on the contrary, it weakens the cavitation effect and reduces the cleaning efficiency. If there is a certain standing wave field in the cleaning tank, the workpiece can not be effectively cleaned because of the uneven analysis of sound pressure. Therefore, the shape of the cleaning tank should be suitable for the characteristics of the reverberation field. With the help of dual frequency, multi frequency and other methods, the blind area of cleaning should be avoided.
第二，超聲波功率密度。為了能夠提高超聲波清洗效率，一般采用密度較高的超聲波功率，尤其是油污嚴重、形狀復(fù)雜并且具有深孔的工件，借助高功率密度再生的清洗槽中清洗。同時，避免功率密度過高一面給工件帶來侵蝕，特別是帶有鍍層、表面光潔度高以及鋁合金等工件。超聲波功率如果過大，液體中的聲波過高，產(chǎn)生的氣泡比較多，難以輻射整個缸體，影響到清洗效果。
Second, ultrasonic power density. In order to improve the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning, ultrasonic power with high density is generally used, especially for workpieces with serious oil contamination, complex shape and deep holes, which are cleaned in a cleaning tank regenerated with high power density. At the same time, avoid the erosion of workpieces caused by high power density, especially workpieces with coating, high surface finish and aluminum alloy. If the ultrasonic power is too large, the sound wave in the liquid is too high, and more bubbles are generated, which is difficult to radiate the entire cylinder block, affecting the cleaning effect.

第三，清洗液溫度。在工件清洗中，需要對工件表面的污染物黏附性進行破壞，通過熱能可以克服黏附力，提高溫度強化清洗介質(zhì)活性，降低介質(zhì)的表面張力，增強清洗效率。雖然溫度可以降低黏附力，提高清洗效果，但并非溫度越高越好，結(jié)合清洗液介質(zhì)的不同性質(zhì)，佳效果和空化作用對溫度有著一定的限制，如水基清洗液的佳溫度在35~60℃。
Third, the temperature of cleaning solution. In workpiece cleaning, it is necessary to destroy the adhesion of pollutants on the workpiece surface. Through heat energy, the adhesion can be overcome, the temperature can be increased, the activity of cleaning medium can be strengthened, the surface tension of the medium can be reduced, and the cleaning efficiency can be enhanced. Although the temperature can reduce the adhesion and improve the cleaning effect, it is not the higher the temperature, the better. Combined with the different properties of the cleaning fluid medium, the better the effect and cavitation have certain restrictions on the temperature. For example, the best temperature of water-based cleaning fluid is 35~60 ℃.
另外，溫度還可以影響介質(zhì)的蒸汽壓、表面張力、黏度以及密度等，如果溫度達到沸點則會使得空化效應(yīng)失效。
In addition, temperature can also affect the vapor pressure, surface tension, viscosity and density of the medium. If the temperature reaches the boiling point, the cavitation effect will become invalid.
第四，清洗液選擇。放射性濾芯的清洗通常使用酸、堿等作為清洗劑，其成本相對可控，效果明顯。根據(jù)濾芯的材質(zhì)不同，所處的工藝環(huán)境不同，其表面黏附的放射性物質(zhì)成分也有所差異。通過針對性的選擇合適的清洗劑，是能夠保證清洗效率的主要因素之一。第五，超聲波清洗時間。超聲波清洗的還見對清洗效果和質(zhì)量有著直接影響，時間較短則達不到清洗要求，如果清洗時間過長則影響清洗效率，甚至對工件表面造成空化腐蝕。一般來說，對于一些表面燒結(jié)物料比較嚴重的工件進行清洗時，可以適當增加清洗時間，對于表面較為光潔、燒結(jié)物料較輕的工件，需要控制好清洗時間。
Fourth, cleaning solution selection. The cleaning of radioactive filter element usually uses acid, alkali, etc. as the cleaning agent, whose cost is relatively controllable and the effect is obvious. Depending on the material of filter element and the process environment, the components of radioactive substances adhered to its surface are different. It is one of the main factors to ensure the cleaning efficiency through the targeted selection of appropriate cleaning agents. Fifth, ultrasonic cleaning time. Ultrasonic cleaning also has a direct impact on the cleaning effect and quality. If the cleaning time is short, the cleaning requirements cannot be met. If the cleaning time is too long, the cleaning efficiency will be affected, and even cavitation corrosion will be caused on the workpiece surface. Generally speaking, when cleaning some workpieces with serious surface sintering materials, the cleaning time can be appropriately increased. For workpieces with smooth surface and light sintering materials, the cleaning time needs to be well controlled.
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